Nomadic pastoralism is amongst the oldest professions on our planet, and it works on social order rooted in cooperation and solidarity, involving caring and sharing. They exemplify a sustainable way of life characterised by mobility, minimal environmental footprint, and a deep respect for nature. Their practices offer valuable lessons in living lightly on the land, emphasising the importance of adaptation, resourcefulness, and harmony with the environment. India has a rich tradition of nomadic pastoralism, with millions of pastoralists managing a significant livestock population, making substantial contributions to the economy and biodiversity conservation. Many nomadic pastoralists now live settled or semi-nomadic lives for economic, social, and environmental reasons. Precise figures are lacking, but an estimated one per cent of India’s population, or around 13 million people, are practising pastoralists for whom managing and breeding livestock is a hereditary profession that goes back countless generations.

download full publication